If you’ve ever used a computer or smartphone, you’ve interacted with software. But what exactly is software, and how does it work?
This article will explore the basics of software, including its definition, types, and examples. So, let’s dive in and answer, “What is software?”
What is Software? – A Definition
Software refers to instructions, programs, and data that enable a computer or other digital device to perform specific tasks. In simpler terms, the software is the “brain” of a computer or other device, controlling its behaviour and enabling it to perform various functions.
Types of Software
Software can be broadly classified into two types – system software and application software.
System Software
System software is the essential software that manages and controls the hardware components of a computer or device. It provides a platform for other software to run and perform tasks. Some examples of system software include:
- Operating systems (OS) like Windows, macOS, and Linux
- Device drivers that allow hardware devices like printers, scanners, and cameras to communicate with the computer
- Utility software like antivirus, disk cleaners, and backup tools help manage the system resources
Application Software
Application software, or productivity software, is designed to perform specific tasks for the user. These tasks range from simple activities like browsing the web and sending emails to complex activities like designing graphics and editing videos. Some examples of application software include:
- Word processors like Microsoft Word, Google Docs, and LibreOffice Writer
- Spreadsheet programs like Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and LibreOffice Calc
- Photo editing software like Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, and PaintShop Pro
- Video editing software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro, and DaVinci Resolve
How Software Works
Software translates the user’s commands into machine-readable language that the computer or device can understand. The process involves several stages, including:
- Writing the code: Software developers write the code that defines the program’s behaviour and functionality. They use programming languages like Java, Python, and C++ to write the code.
- Compiling the code: Once it is written, it is compiled into machine-readable language using a compiler. The compiler translates the code into a format the computer or device can execute.
- Executing the code: Once compiled, it can be executed on the computer or device. The user can interact with the software through a graphical user interface (GUI) or command-line interface (CLI).
Learn more about What a Software Engineer Does. Roles and Responsibilities Explained.
FAQs about Software
What are the different types of software licenses?
Several software license types exist, including proprietary, open-source, and freeware. A company owns proprietary software that can only be used according to the terms and conditions set by the company. Open-source software is free to use, modify, and distribute, and the source code is available for anyone to view. Freeware is free software but may be limited in functionality or include ads.
Can software be patented?
Yes, software can be patented if it meets specific criteria. The software must be novel, non-obvious, and have a specific, practical application.
What is software as a service (SaaS)?
Software as a service (SaaS) is a software delivery model where the software is hosted and managed by a third-party provider and accessed over the Internet. This eliminates the need for users to install and maintain the software on their computers or devices.
What is software engineering?
Software engineering is designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software.
